The color-coded countries in the map below show ENPEP applications in Europe. Please keep in mind that these are the applications/studies that we are aware of at present. If you are an active ENPEP user and would like your country or analysis featured on this page, please contact CEEESA.
| Country |
Users |
Project |
Brief Description |
Albania |
ECAT, NOA-Greece |
Capacity Building in GHG Mitigation Analysis for Balkan Countries |
As part of the Greece/Balkan capacity-building project, the Greek Environmental Center for Administration and Technology (ECAT) and the National Observatory of Athens (NOA) were involved in GHG mitigation analysis for Albania. |
Armenia |
Energy Strategy Center |
Energy and Nuclear Power Planning Study for the Period up to 2020 |
The Energy Strategy Center used ENPEP-BALANCE to address various strategic energy and environmental issues in Armenia. |
Belarus |
MOE, Sosny Research Institute |
Capacity Building in Energy and Power Systems Analysis in Belarus |
CEEESA assisted a team of Belarussian experts from the Ministry of Energy (MOE) and the Sosny Research Institute in using various models, such as WASP
and ENPEP-BALANCE. CEEESA trained a local team of experts in using these tools to analyze Belarus' future electricity and energy needs and to estimate the associated environmental burdens in the form of atmospheric emissions of PM, SO2, NOX, CO2, etc. under different scenarios. The project was supported by the U.S. Government and the IAEA. |
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
PE Elektroprivreda of Bosnia and Herzegovina |
Sustainable Development and Power Sector Expansion Analysis |
The paper discusses ENPEP-BALANCE applications in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the context of sustainable development. |
Bulgaria |
Energoproekt, The World Bank |
Bulgaria Energy and Environmental Review (EER) |
ENERGOPROEKT and The World Bank used ENPEP-BALANCE to conduct an Energy and Environmental Review (EER) for Bulgaria. The study was carried out with the objective of better integrating energy sector development and investment plans with the country’s environmental goals. The EER highlights the intrinsic trade-offs between Bulgaria’s objective of ensuring least-cost energy supply to the country and its concurrent objectives of being a dominant energy supplier in the region, minimizing its dependence on imported energy, and meeting its national and international environmental commitments. Achievement of these objectives is complicated by Bulgaria’s heavy reliance on electricity to meet its own energy needs, the virtual absence of natural gas in the consumption mix of nonindustrial consumers, and the fact that, except for environmentally polluting lignite, the country does not have economical energy resources. |
Bulgaria |
Energoproekt |
Bulgaria GHG Emission Projections |
ENERGOPROEKT and The World Bank used ENPEP-BALANCE to conduct an Energy and Environmental Review for Bulgaria. The study was carried out with the objective of better integrating energy sector development and investment plans with the country’s environmental goals. The EER highlights the intrinsic trade-offs between Bulgaria’s objective of ensuring least-cost energy supply to the country and its concurrent objectives of being a dominant energy supplier in the region, minimizing its dependence on imported energy, and meeting its national and international environmental commitments. Achievement of these objectives is complicated by Bulgaria’s heavy reliance on electricity to meet its own energy needs, the virtual absence of natural gas in the consumption mix of nonindustrial consumers, and the fact that, except for environmentally polluting lignite, the country does not have economical energy resources.
Since the bulk of Bulgaria’s electricity (about 80%) is generated from nuclear fuel and indigenous lignite, disproportionate reliance on electricity will be costly, particularly as the country strives to meet the nuclear safety and environmental compliance requirements for accession to the European Union. On the other hand, growing electricity exports over the last few years have been good for Bulgaria, both from a financial point of view and in projecting Bulgaria as a stable and reliable source of electricity. |
Bulgaria |
Energoproekt for Ministry of Environment |
Bulgaria UNFCCC National Communications |
The expert from ENERGOPROEKT discusses the methodology and the results of Bulgaria's GHG emissions projections contained in the country's National Communications to the UNFCCC. |
Bulgaria |
Energoproekt |
Infrastructure Development and Nuclear Competitiveness |
ENERGOPROEKT used ENPEP-BALANCE to conduct the GHG mitigation analyses that are presented in all three National Communications to the UNFCCC.
Bulgaria First National Communication
Bulgaria Second National Communication
Bulgaria Third National Communication
Bulgaria Fourth National Communication
|
Bulgaria |
ENERGOPROEKT, NEK, MOE, CEEESA |
Capacity Building in Energy and Power Systems Analysis in Bulgaria |
The study is aimed at improving the understanding of infrastructure requirements for various energy supply chains and their impacts on economic competitiveness. A Bulgarian research team from Energoproekt, the National Electricity Company (NEK), and the Ministry of Environment (MOE) used ENPEP-BALANCE to model their country’s energy systems over a 30-year planning horizon. The team defined a Reference Scenario and up to ten variations reflecting alternative government policies, energy technology costs, and energy demand trajectories. The objective was to determine the competitive advantages and disadvantages of nuclear power as a function of infrastructure investments. |
Croatia |
Energy Institute Hrvoje Pozar, Zagreb Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, London Imperial College |
Kyoto Protocol Objectives in Croatia
|
The analysis shows that under business as usual, Croatia will exceed its Kyoto target by 2003, leaving it without any "hot air" to sell. In addition, the study concludes that Kyoto commitments cannot be achieved by power sector measures only and that the country needs a National Climate Change Strategy. |
Croatia |
Energy Institute Hrvoje Pozar, Zagreb Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, London Imperial College |
Kyoto Protocol Objectives in Croatia - Nuclear Scenario (Paper)
(Presentation) |
The study analyzes the impact nuclear power could have on Croatia's national CO2 emissions and the country's ability to meet the Kyoto requirements.
See also the UNFCCC Report on the In-Depth Review of Croatia's First National Communication. |
Croatia |
Ministry of Environmental Protection |
Croatia UNFCCC First National Communication
Croatia UNFCCC Fourth National Communication
|
The study team assembled by the Ministry of Environmental Protection used the
ENPEP-BALANCE and WASP models to conduct the GHG mitigation analyses that are presented in Croatia's First National Communication to the UNFCCC. |
Croatia |
Energy Institute Hrvoje Pozar, EKONERG, HEP, Ministry of Economics |
Capacity Building in Energy and Power Systems Analysis in Croatia |
CEEESA assisted a team of Croatian experts from the Energy Institute Hrvoje Pozar, EKONERG, the National Power Company (HEP), and the Ministry of Economics, in using various models, such as MAED, WASP,
and ENPEP-BALANCE. CEEESA trained a local team of experts in using these tools to analyze Croatia's future electricity and energy needs and to estimate the associated environmental burdens in the form of atmospheric emissions of PM, SO2, NOX, CO2, etc under different scenarios. The project was supported by the U.S. Government and the IAEA. |
Czech Republic |
Czech Technical University - Faculty of Electrical Engineering
|
Application of the ENPEP Models for Projection of GHG Emissions |
The authors used ENPEP-BALANCE to project GHG emissions for the Czech Republic. |
Greece |
CRES |
Integrated Resource Planning for the Island of Crete |
The study attempted to assess the economically and environmentally feasible options that could contribute toward the development of the electrical power system of the island of Crete. The assessment of all supply and demand side options was performed based on an Integrated Resource Planning Methodology. |
Greece/Balkans |
National Observatory of Athens (NOA); National Technical University of Athens (NTUA); Environmental Planning, Engineering and Management S.A. (EPEM); SPEED Development Consultants S.A.; Interdisciplinary Institute for Environmental Research (INIER) |
Capacity Building in GHG Mitigation Analysis for Balkan Countries |
The Capacity Building Program for the Balkan Countries is an initiative of the Greek Ministry for the Environment, Physical Planning and Public Works, in the framework of the OECD Development Assistance Committee. The Balkan countries involved in the program are Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Romania, and Yugoslavia. As part of Task 2, the team of experts (1) reviewed and analyzed the existing projections for future GHG emissions in each country and (2) developed GHG emissions projections up to the year 2020. The team used ENPEP-BALANCE to trace the flow of energy throughout the entire energy system from resource extraction, through processing and conversion, to meet demands for useful energy (e.g. heating, transportation), to project future energy supply/demand balances, and to estimate GHG emissions.
Greece is also using ENPEP-BALANCE for its GHG emissions projections in support of its National Communications to the UNFCCC.
Greece Third National Communication
Greece Fourth National Communication
|
Hungary |
CEEESA |
Evaluating IPP Bids for the Hungarian Power Company (MVMRt.) |
At the end of 1997, the Hungarian Power Companies Ltd. (MVMRt.) issued two tenders for independent power producer (IPP) bids to increase power generating capacity in Hungary. MVMRt. received 33 technical and financial bids to supply this new power and needed a consistent, efficient method to evaluate the bids. CEEESA teamed with a Hungarian subcontractor to develop the bid evaluation methodology and act as technical auditor to MVMRt. during the evaluation phase. The CEEESA methodology provided a comprehensive and consistent bid evaluation framework. The use of the well-established WASP-III Plus model ensured the acceptance of the results by all bidders. |
Hungary |
Systemexpert Consulting Ltd. |
Mitigation Analysis for Hungary |
The report presents an analysis by a Hungarian Country Study team investigating various options to reduce GHG emissions in Hungary. |
Hungary |
Hungarian Country Study Team/UNEP-Riso
|
Economics of Greenhouse Gas Limitations |
The report presents an analysis by a Hungarian Country Study team investigating the economics of reducing carbon emissions in Hungary. The team used ENPEP-BALANCE for the energy sector analysis. The project was funded by UNEP in collaboration with Riso National Laboratory in Denmark. |
Hungary |
Systemexpert Consulting Ltd. |
Hungary UNFCCC Third National Communication |
Systemexpert used the ENPEP-BALANCE model to conduct the GHG mitigation analyses that are presented in Hungary's Third National Communication to the UNFCCC. |
Latvia |
Latvian Development Agency |
Energy Systems Modeling in Latvia |
The Section of Energy Resources and Environment Protection at the Latvian Development Agency used ENPEP-BALANCE for energy systems modeling. |
Lithuania |
LEI |
Capacity Building in
Energy and Power Systems Analysis in Lithuania
|
CEEESA assisted a team of Lithuanian experts from the Lithuanian Energy Institute (LEI) in using the MAED and WASP models. CEEESA trained a local team of experts in using these tools to analyze Lithuania's future electricity and energy needs and to estimate the associated environmental burdens in the form of atmospheric emissions of PM, SO2, NOX, CO2, etc under different scenarios. The project was supported by the U.S. Government and the IAEA. |
Lithuania |
Ministry of Environment |
Lithuania UNFCCC
Second National Communication |
The Ministry of Environment used the MAED model to conduct the GHG mitigation analyses that are presented in Lithuania's Second National Communication to the UNFCCC. |
Lithuania |
Nordic Council of Ministers - Common Baltic Electricity Market |
The Change of the Electricity Supply System in Lithuania |
The study team used the ENPEP-BALANCE and WASP models to analyze the Lithuanian energy sector. Based on the results, the authors conclude that the Lithuanian energy sector will satisfy EU requirements by 2004 and will be able to join the European energy systems. |
Macedonia |
CEEESA and Montgomery-Watson-Harza |
Least-Cost Power System Expansion in Macedonia |
CEEESA developed a least-cost generation expansion plan for the Macedonian electric power system using WASP. The construction of new capacity over the period up to 2020 amounts to 1,968 MW, of which 207 MW are in the form of new hydro power plants and 1,761 MW in the form of new thermal generation units. |
Macedonia |
Research Centre for Energy, Informatics and Materials of the Academy of Sciences (ICEIM-MANU) |
Report: Undertaking GHG abatement analysis in the Republic of Macedonia
|
The research team used WASP and VALORAGUA to develop a baseline scenario and mitigation scenarios for the heat production sector, the transport sector, and renewable energy.
Also see Macedonia's First UNFCCC National Communication where the team used WASP, VALORAGUA, and another model. |
Moldova |
Ministry of Environment |
Moldova UNFCCC First National Communication |
The Ministry of Environment used ENPEP-BALANCE to conduct the GHG mitigation analyses that are presented in Moldova's First National Communication to the UNFCCC. |
Moldova |
Ministry of Environment |
UNDP Project "Climate Change Enabling Activity (Phase II)" Technology Needs Assessment |
The Ministry of Environment used ENPEP-BALANCE to identify/submit the technology needs for the replacement of old and inefficient energy technologies used in the energy and agricultural processing industry and to assess the possibilities of utilizing renewable energy resources. |
Poland |
EMA |
Capacity Building in Energy and Power Systems Analysis in Poland
Report
|
CEEESA assisted a team of Polish experts from the Energy Market Agency (EMA) in using various models, such as MAED, WASP,
and ENPEP-BALANCE. CEEESA trained a local team of experts in using these tools to analyze Poland's future electricity and energy needs and to estimate the associated environmental burdens in the form of atmospheric emissions of PM, SO2, NOX, CO2, etc under different scenarios. The project was supported by the U.S. Government and the IAEA.
Also, Poland used ENPEP-BALANCE and MAED in support of their GHG emissions projections published in Poland's Fourth National Communication. |
Poland |
FEWE, PNNL |
What will be Poland's Revenue from Carbon Allowance Sales? |
Researchers from the Polish Foundation for Energy Efficiency (FEWE) and the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) used ENPEP-BALANCE to estimate the amount of carbon allowances Poland may be able to sell under seven different scenarios and projected the expected revenue streams, assuming a likely range of carbon prices. |
Portugal |
Ministry of Environment |
Portugal UNFCCC Second National Communication |
The study team assembled by the Ministry of Environmental Protection used the
ENPEP-BALANCE and WASP models as well as the VALORAGUA model to conduct the GHG mitigation analyses that are presented in Portugal's Second National Communication to the UNFCCC.
See also the UNFCCC Report on the In-Depth Review of Portugal's Second National Communication. |
Romania |
ISPE |
Capacity Building in Energy and Power Systems Analysis in Romania |
CEEESA assisted a team of Romanian experts from the Institute for Power Studies and Design (ISPE) in using various models, such as WASP
and ENPEP-BALANCE. CEEESA trained a local team of experts in using these tools to analyze Romania's future electricity and energy needs and to estimate the associated environmental burdens in the form of atmospheric emissions of PM, SO2, NOX, CO2, etc under different scenarios. The project was supported by the U.S. Government and the IAEA. |
Romania |
CEEESA |
Developing a Fuel Policy for Romania |
Faced with a rapid decline in domestic oil and natural gas production, the Government of Romania has decided to develop a long-term energy strategy aimed at the efficient use of energy resources. The primary goals were to develop and adopt an appropriate fuel policy for the country that would (1) facilitate decision making for promoting the efficient use of energy resources and (2) formulate least-cost development plans for the energy sector. Additional goals for the new energy strategy included assessing Romania’s comparative advantages with regard to the availability and use of energy resources (both domestic and imported) and of environmental impacts associated with different fuel policy options. |
Romania |
Ministry of Waters, Forests, and Environmental Protection |
Romania UNFCCC National Communication |
The Ministry of Waters, Forests, and Environmental Protection used ENPEP-BALANCE to conduct the GHG mitigation analyses that are presented in Romania's Second, Third, and Fourth National Communication to the UNFCCC.
Romania Second National Communication
Romania Third National Communication
Romania Fourth National Communication |
Russia |
State Scientific Center of the Institute of Physics and Power Engineering |
Modeling of Heat Sources in Power System Expansion Planning |
Experts at the Russian research center used WASP to evaluate the possible role of nuclear district heating plants in the power and heating system in Russia. The Chaun-Bilibino power system, a remote and isolated power system in the far North-East region of Russia was selected for the first ENPEP case study. |
Slovakia |
Ministry of Environment |
Slovakia UNFCCC National Communications |
The Ministry of Environment of the Slovak Republic used ENPEP-BALANCE to analyze energy sector mitigation options presented in all four National Communications to the UNFCCC.
Slovakia First National Communication
Slovakia Second National Communication
Slovakia Third National Communication
Slovakia Fourth National Communication
|
Slovakia |
The World Bank |
Slovakia's Projected Carbon Credit Sales |
The World Bank used ENPEP-BALANCE in a study for the Slovak Republic to project the potential availability of carbon credits that the country could sell. |
Slovakia |
|
Analyzing Repowering as a Joint Implementation Project in Slovakia |
Slovak researchers used ENPEP-BALANCE to analyze a joint implementation (JI) project that included the repowering of an industrial heating plant with a new natural gas-fired, combined-cycle cogeneration unit in Slovakia. |
Turkey |
CEEESA |
Finding the Most Cost-Effective Sulfur Control Strategy for Turkey's Yatagan Lignite-Fired Power Plant |
CEEESA, in a project for The World Bank, used the WASP model to analyze the Turkish power sector in detail and to determine the most cost-effective sulfur abatement strategy for the lignite-fired power plant at Yatagan. |
Turkey |
CEEESA, MENR, TEAS |
Capacity Building in Energy and Environmental Systems Analysis in Turkey |
CEEESA worked with the Turkish Electricity Generating and Transmission Corporation (TEAS) to evaluate the development of the Turkish energy system and its environmental impacts. The Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources (MENR) collaborated with TEAS in this project, which was funded by The World Bank. The entire energy supply system, including coal, oil, natural gas, electric power, and renewable resources, was included in the analysis. The energy-consuming sectors (i.e., industry, services, residential, commercial, agriculture) were also part of the study. Turkish staff were trained in the use of energy system analysis tools developed by CEEESA, including ENPEP-BALANCE. The focus of the effort was not only to conduct the analysis, but to have a cadre of Turkish staff trained to conduct similar studies in the future. The results provided a basis for determining how the Turkish energy system will need to be expanded to meet growing demand and what options are available for mitigating the environmental consequences of the expansion. |
Turkey |
CEEESA, MENR, TEAS |
Analyzing Turkey's GHG Mitigation Options |
As part of a World Bank-sponsored Energy and Environmental Review, CEEESA collaborated with several companies in Japan, Europe, and the United States to analyze a variety of pollution control and policy options that Turkish authorities might consider. Various
models were used to conduct the integration analysis. The analysis included a Reference Case as well as a number of GHG Reduction Scenarios and Local Pollution Reduction Scenarios (primarily targeting emissions of PM, SO2, and NOX). Scenarios included efficiency improvements, clean coal technologies, nuclear power, demand-side management, industrial cogeneration, renewables, carbon taxes, petroleum product quality improvements, and implementation of EU environmental standards. |
Turkey |
CEEESA, MENR, TEAS |
Costs of Meeting EU Environmental Standards
on Turkey's Fossil-Fired Power Plants |
As part of a World Bank-sponsored Energy and Environmental Review, CEEESA collaborated with several companies in Japan, Europe, and the United States to analyze a variety of pollution control and policy options that Turkish authorities might consider. One scenario specifically analyzed the costs and environmental impacts of meeting new EU Standards for PM, SO2, and NOX. |
Turkey |
TEAS |
Infrastructure Development and Nuclear Competitiveness |
The study is aimed at improving the understanding of infrastructure requirements for various energy supply chains and their impacts on economic competitiveness. A Turkish research team
used MAED and WASP to model their country’s energy systems over a 30-year planning horizon. The team defined a Reference Scenario and up to ten variations reflecting alternative government policies, energy technology costs, and energy demand trajectories. The objective was to determine competitive advantages and disadvantages of nuclear power as a function of infrastructure investments. |
| Turkey |
MENR, EUAS, TEIAS, MoEF,
UNDP |
Providing Modeling Support for
Turkey's First National Communication to the UNFCCC |
Funded by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), CEEESA
assisted the Turkish Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources (MENR) and the Turkish
Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) in developing GHG emissions projections
for Turkey's First National Communication to the UNFCCC. The analysis was conducted by experts at the Turkish Electricity Generation Company (EUAS).
|
Ukraine |
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory,
Agency for Rational Energy Use and Ecology |
Modeling and Analysis of GHG Emissions in Ukraine: Selecting and Adapting the ENPEP Program to Ukrainian Conditions and Test Modeling
|
Sponsored by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources of Ukraine, the local study team used ENPEP-BALANCE to analyze the Ukrainian energy sector and to help policy makers better understand future emission scenarios in Ukraine. The results of the study showed (1) ENPEP-BALANCE adequately reflects the level of the existing energy consumption and GHG emissions in the energy sector of Ukraine and the forecasts of energy consumption and GHG emissions under various scenarios of economic development and energy efficiency; (2) the quantity of GHG emissions in the energy sector of Ukraine in 2020 will not reach the 1990 levels even under the most optimistic scenario; and (3) implementation of energy efficiency measures will reduce energy consumption by approximately 36% in 2010 and by 45% in 2020 from the 1990 levels and will lower energy-related GHG emissions by approximately 46% (165 to 213 million tons of CO2) and by 51% (205 to 357 million tons of CO2 equivalent) in 2020 from the 1990 levels. |
Yugoslavia |
Federal Hydro-Meteorological Institute, NOA-Greece |
Capacity Building in GHG Mitigation Analysis for Balkan Countries |
As part of the Greece/Balkan capacity-building project, the Federal Hydro-Meteorological Institute is involved in GHG mitigation analysis for Yugoslavia. |
